Psychological and psychoanalytic concepts in psychiatric classifications of personality disorders DSM-5 and ICD-11

Abstract

The article describes the development of psychiatric classifications of personality disorders, with special emphasis on the new classifications DSM-5 and ICD-11. The alternative version of personalty disordes in DSM-5 and new version of personality disorders in ICD-11 introduce important innovations, as they include psychological and psychoanalytical concepts. These are the result of research in psychology of personality and extensive clinical experience in psychotherapy, particularly psychodynamically oriented modalities. The new classifications of personality disorders in DSM-5 and ICD-11 abandon the old categorical model and introduce a dimensional assessment. The criteria have been changed from predominantly symptomatic to more introspective-psychologically and phenomenologically oriented, connections with healthy functioning personality are indicated as well. Nevertheless, there is a risk that in praxis psychiatric diagnoses of personality disorders will still based on a descriptive, symptomatic level. Personality disorders are not just another psychiatric category that can be diagnosed or assess using routine psychiatric interview and observation of the individual's behavior, but requires in-depth assessment of personality functioning. The assessment of personality disorders does not only cover behavioral characteristics that can be identified by self-assessment techniques and interviews, but also includes psychodynamic, development-process and unconscious aspects, for the evaluation of which it is necessary to use less structured methods and tests. The new criteria for personality disorders in DSM-5 and ICD-11 imply psychoanalytic and clinical psychological diagnostic knowledge and experience, which are already covered in some psychotherapeutic classification systems such as PDM-2 or OPD-2.